Breast Cancer & Diet

35 per cent of cancers are linked to dietary factors and while no single food can prevent the disease, the right combination can make a difference. A leading nutrition expert has revealed the four nutrients that should be part of your diet which comes with cancer-fighting benefits. A diet rich in phenolic antioxidants is important to help rid the body of free radicals before they damage the cells. Phenolics are plant-based compounds that when activated in their absorbable forms may help prevent inflammation, cardiovascular diseases and infections. Scientific evidence has shown one of the most promising sources of phenolics have been found in apples - proving the adage, an apple a day keeps the doctor away. Phenolics in apples, specifically phloretin, can slow down the growth of some cells in certain types of cancer. Folate (B9 Vitamin) should be included as part of a healthy diet as it may help protect against cancers of the colon, rectum and breast. The best way to get folate is not from a tablet, but by eating enough fruits, vegetables, and enriched grain products. One research has shown people who have a high fibre diet were 20 per cent less likely to develop breast cancer than those who don't. Omega 3 and 6, can only be ingested through food and should be included as part of a diet as a preventative measure for certain types of Cancers. Soy Phytoestrogens are relatively weak estrogens, and when they attach to estrogen receptors in, say, breast tissue, they displace the stronger, harmful human estrogens, resulting in a lower risk of breast cancer. Consumption of walnuts may help suppress growth and survival of breast cancer, a study claims. Consumption of walnuts has slowed breast cancer growth and reduced the risk of mammary cancer in mice. High-fat diets and obesity have been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer and worsen outcomes and prognosis of breast cancer patients, fatty particles in the bloodstream may augment the growth of breast cancer cells. An analysis of the women’s diets showed those who consumed the most red meat (beef, veal, pork, lamb, game meats) had a 23% higher risk of being diagnosed with invasive breast cancer than those who consumed small amounts. By contrast, the women who consumed the most poultry (lean chicken, turkey, duck, goose, quail and pheasant) had a 15% lower risk than those who consumed the least poultry. The effects were particularly striking in post-menopausal women.

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Breast Cancer Treatment

Whether vitamin and mineral supplements, in particular the type known as antioxidants, help or hurt cancer patients is a matter of debate and duelling research findings. Some evidence suggests that antioxidants can interfere with the cancer-killing effects of chemotherapy. That's because these chemical treatments cause oxidative stress, a chemically-triggered reaction in the body, which in turn kills cancer cells. But antioxidants fight oxidative stress, which means they can blunt the effects of chemotherapy. At the same time, a few studies, such as Fuchs,' show benefits to cancer patients who take dietary supplements.

The aromatase inhibitor (AI) anastrozole maintained a preventive effect for postmenopausal women at high risk for breast cancer nearly 12 years after discontinuing treatment. The residual cancer burden (RCB) is assessed through several factors, including routine pathologic sections measuring the size of the primary tumor, the percentage of the tumor that is invasive versus in situ, and the involvement of regional lymph nodes after completion of neo adjuvant therapy. Breast cancer patients who take the dietary supplements known as antioxidants, as well as iron, vitamin B12, and omega-3 fatty acids, during chemotherapy may be at increased risk of disease recurrence and death, according to new study.

A study from researchers revealed that MRI and an algorithm-based field of medicine called radiomics could help characterize the heterogeneity of cancer cells in a tumor and allow for better understanding of the causes and progression of individual diseases. Retrospectively analyzed scans from a clinical trial conducted from 2002 to 2006 showed that the algorithm was able to successfully predict recurrence-free survival after 10 years. For each woman, a “signal enhancement ratio” map was generated, offering imaging features that helped understand the relationship between those features, conventional biomarkers and patient outcomes.

Prevention is simple. Commit to regular exercise for five days a week, invest in hobbies/leisure activities that help keep a check on mounting stress levels, avoid smoking, and regulate the intake of alcohol. For women above 40 years of age, regular breast examination with a mammogram is recommended once every two years. In high-risk cases, it is advisable to complete the family before long and get the ovaries removed if possible. This reduces the risk of ovarian cancer and breast cancer by more than 50 per cent. Chemo preventive medications are also known to mitigate the risk.

For more details please follow the link: https://frontiersmeetings.com/conferences/breastcancercongress/    

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Male Breast Cancer

Just like all other cancers, breast cancer is also lifestyle-related; the increase in cases of breast cancer is due to lifestyle changes. So lifestyle changes like late marriages, then having kids at a later age, sometimes followed by no breastfeeding, all these are the known risk factors along with a lot of stress and our poor eating habits. It is now very common to see breast cancer in people who are in their 30’s or 40’s. Whenever we talk about cancer treatment, we generally focus on two major stages. One is the local treatment and the other is the systemic treatment. Local means treating only the area where the disease occurs, through surgery or radiation. Systemic is when treatment is given through oral tablets or by injecting medicine in the bloodstream, thereby affecting the entire body. There have been many advances in these areas. Like in terms of surgical treatment, many are opting for organ preservation and also the techniques for breast reconstruction have significantly improved. Similarly, you have less toxicity in radiation now and regarding systemic treatment, we have much more neo molecules, better molecules and there have been much advancement in targeted therapy and immunotherapy as well.

Male breast cancer is different from breast cancer in females, one difference is that when breast cancer occurs in males, it is generally at an advanced stage and the size of the lump is also bigger. 40% of male breast cancer cases receive a diagnosis at an advanced stage. Even educated men are not aware that breast cancer can occur in males also. Since the breast tissue is less in males, the tumor tends to invade the skin and the chest wall earlier as compared to females. This is because there is not much breast tissue. So when you have a bigger breast, the tumor tends to invade the skin later. That is why we say that by the time it comes in males, it reached an advanced stage.

The major reason behind the delay in early detection is lack of awareness. Factors that increase the risk of male breast cancer include:

Old age: The risk of breast cancer increases as you age. Male breast cancer is most often diagnosed in men in their 60s.

Exposure to estrogen: If you take estrogen-related drugs, such as those used for hormone therapy for prostate cancer, your risk of breast cancer increases.

Family history of breast cancer: If you have a close family member with breast cancer, you have a greater chance of developing the disease.

Klinefelter’s syndrome: This genetic syndrome occurs when boys are born with more than one copy of the X chromosome. Klinefelter's syndrome causes abnormal development of the testicles. As a result, men with this syndrome produce lower levels of certain male hormones (androgens) and more female hormones (estrogens).

Liver disease certain conditions, such as cirrhosis of the liver, can reduce male hormones and increase female hormones, increasing your risk of breast cancer.

Obesity: Obesity is associated with higher levels of estrogen in the body, which increases the risk of breast cancer.

Testicle disease or surgery: Having inflamed testicles (orchitis) or surgery to remove a testicle (orchiectomy) can increase your risk of male breast cancer.

For more details please follow the link: https://frontiersmeetings.com/conferences/breastcancercongress/    

For queries and details contact us: breastcancer@globalbreastcancercongress.org

   

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Hair dyes and straighteners may increase breast cancer risk

Using permanent hair dye and/or hair straightening products may increase one’s risk of developing breast cancer, a new study claims. The risk was found to particularly impact black women based on data from more than 46,700 women who participated in the Sister Study. All of the women were likewise at genetic risk of developing breast cancer, which is itself a risk factor. It was also revealed that white women who dyed their hair had a seven percent higher chance of getting breast cancer. Black women who dyed their hair, however, had a 45 percent increased risk. One of the hypotheses is that products marketed to dye a black woman's hair might be different than the products used for white women's hair. It's also possible that the application method or the amount of dye required might be influencing the difference.

Research on this topic is vast but has been, until recently, fairly inconclusive, with some studies showing risk and others showing no risk. The latest study points toward more recent research that has found increased risk of developing both breast cancer and bladder cancer in association with permanent hair dye. Fewer studies have looked into the cancer risks of chemical hair straighteners, however, which are most commonly used by black women. The use of these products may explain why breast cancer risk was found to be substantially higher in women of African descent versus white women. Questions remain, such as what influence the frequency of use has on risk, as well as whether it’s potentially safer to use hair dyes and highlighters that do not contact the skin. As with any observational study, it is impossible to determine whether or not a factor is causal. The observed relationship might be dependent on other factors that the analysis could not account for. Another potential issue is that every participant in the study had at least one first-degree relative who has experienced breast cancer.

For more details please follow the link: https://frontiersmeetings.com/conferences/breastcancercongress/     

For queries and details contact us: breastcancer@globalbreastcancercongress.org 

   

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Recent Advancements in Breast Cancer

Breast tumors have a highly diverse cellular makeup that includes cancer cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes and stem progenitors. Cancer researchers have focused heavily on progenitor cells in recent years due to their tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell, similar to stem cell behaviour. The dynamic interactions among these different cell types via paracrine signalling have been shown to lead to cancer progression and drug resistance.

Cancers detected in women who undergo annual mammography screening are smaller and less advanced than those found with biennial screening, according to a retrospective study.

Annual screening, in comparison to biennial screening, resulted in a significant reduction of late-stage disease among women age 40-84 years. Additionally there were fewer interval cancers and smaller tumor size. Two hundred women (86%) underwent mammography screening annually (every nine to 12 months), while 32 (14%) had biennial screening (every 21 to 27 months). There were no marked differences in baseline characteristics between the annual and biennial groups, including age, menopausal status, hormone replacement use, high risk status, family history and race.

Patients who previously received radiotherapy (RT) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) had higher mortality after developing an invasive second breast cancer (SBC) than those who did not receive RT. This research may influence clinical decision-making regarding initial therapy for DCIS and highlights the importance of a discussion with each patient before treatment, taking into account individual patient characteristics and preferences. Researchers found that radiation for DCIS is prophylactic; it reduces the risk of invasive recurrence, while also increasing the probability of eventual mastectomy. This research also suggested that personal patient preferences should drive decision-making. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, according to the American Cancer Society. In 2019, it is estimated that about 62,930 new cases of carcinoma in situ will be diagnosed and 268,600 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in women.

Researchers identify key protein required for therapeutic resistance in aggressive breast cancer. The researchers observed that the onset of resistance to the two most common drugs deployed against TNBC is associated with changes in the shape of the cancer cells and the manner in which they process fat. The cells are able to store fat droplets that they can exploit as a source of energy to fight off the effects of chemotherapy. These cells were also seen to develop a dependence on the protein perilipin4, which is highly expressed in resistant tumors. The protein is used by the cancer cell to stabilize the fat droplet, which would otherwise leak free fat into the cell, which is toxic to it and would kill the cell.

For more details please follow the link: https://frontiersmeetings.com/conferences/breastcancercongress/    

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